In their article, “Access to Health and Health Care: How Race and Ethnicity Matter,” authors Lynne D. Richardson and Marlaina Norris assert that there are many factors that contribute to the differences in health for race and ethnicity. The authors develop and support this assertion by describing the many factors that contribute to the variances such as differences in social resources as well as offer solutions for improvement. Their purpose is to explain and describe why these differences in health care are a problem and what can be done to improve the quality of life for different races and people of minority ethnicities. Their audience is the racial minority groups that are being affected by the differences in health care as well as health care providers and lawmakers, and this can be understood through subject matter.

Final 2 precies and summaries for MWP3

     In the article, “African Americans: Disparities in Health Care Access and Utilization,” author Valire Carr Copeland examines the differences in health care between African Americans and Caucasians. It is widely known that African Americans and especially African American males have poorer quality of health and the author seeks to examine the differences, the reasons for these differences, and what can be done to shorten the gap in health care between African Americas and Caucasians. Copeland begins the article with some of the differences in health and health, and how overrepresented African Americas are in poor health outcomes. For example she writes, “In I960, before Medicare and Medicaid, the infant mortality rate was 44.3 and 29.2 per 1,000 for African Americans and white Americans, respectively. Medicaid and Medicare have contributed to better health care and health status for many African Americans, yet the overall gap in mortality has not changed dramatically, and the infant mortality rate has worsened.” (Copeland 267). Thus, in general, white Americas who have better health care have lower rates of infant mortality. As the article continues the author discusses the perceptions African Americans hold toward the medical field and how these play a role in health care. She covers four major areas which are quality of care, health and illness, patient-provider relationship, and sociocultural context. In all of these areas Copeland claims that if the patient is more knowledgeable, feels respected and welcomed, and had easier access to health insurance then that would greatly improve their health. For example she writes, “An individual's perception regarding the seriousness and source of his or her health problems can be a barrier to treatment (Hines-Martin, Malone, Kim, & Brown-Piper, 2003; Macran et al., 1995). These perceptions are related to interpretations of symptoms of illness; values, knowledge, attitudes, and health beliefs; services received; and a sense of control over their treatment (Davis & Ford, 2004; Hines-Martin et al., 2003).” (Cpleland267). Thus the more they know the more they can protect themselves from poor quality of health. In the end of the article Copeland suggests how we as a nation can begin to close the gap in differences in health care between African Americans and Caucasians. She promotes universal health care coverage as well as medical examiners looking at their individual biases and trying to understand how they play into patient treatment. She also promotes the spread of knowledge about the differences in order to help the social roles in the medical field.     

In the article, “Racial Inequities In Morality and Access to Health Care The Untold Peril of Rationing Health Care in the United States,” author Ruqaiijah Yearby claims that African Americans and especially males are disproportionately denied access to health care. The author begins his article with the story of how one young African American boy lost his life because he did not have the eighty dollars it would have cost to fix the tooth ache that killed him. This shocking and sad story opens the readers eyes to the corruption in America’s health care systems. Because health care is so expensive it is becoming a scares resource and the government is trying to conserve and ration it. The author describes American policies of rationing where those who can afford to pay for health insurance get the health care and those who cannot have to wait until a condition gets so sever it requires an emergency room visit. Yearby describes how a mother passes away because she had to choose between the medication she needed or putting food into her children’s stomachs. He goes on to say that, “Unfortunately, those most affected by rationing are racial minorities, who are disproportionately uninsured, and already subject to racial inequities in accessing health care because of their race.” African Americans have an unfair disadvantage in obtaining health care. The author goes on to illuminate how the rationing of health care affects the minority groups in two ways which are low access to health care and increased mortality rates. He writes, “ According to Professor Dietrich Jehle, the first author of the study, “uninsured adult patients in general have a 25% greater mortality rate than insured adults for all medical conditions.” (Yearby 8). The author goes on to discuss how the party in power exerts a lot of influence on the health care systems making sure the wealthy and powerful are covered were minorities are often charged more for health care services. He concludes with suggesting that the cost of helping those who cannot pay for health care would benefit the structure, and by providing those who cannot pay for insurance with the necessary health care where we as a nation value need over money. It is necessary and just to provide basic care to all, even those who cannot afford it.

In the article, “African Americans: Disparities in Health Care Access and Utilization,” author Valire Carr Copeland examines the differences in health care between African Americans and Caucasians. She develops and supports this thesis by providing statistics like that show the differences in health care between the two races as well as describing the perceptions of the minority group such as health and illness, quality of care, and patient provider relationship. Her purposes are to prove and show how racism, discrimination, and poverty negatively influence the health and quality of life of African Americans, as well as promote changes in the system in order to improve their lives. The intended audience is the general public, and this is understood through the subject matter of trying to make people aware of the situation.     

In the article, “Racial Inequities In Morality and Access to Health Care The Untold Peril of Rationing Health Care in the United States,” author Ruqaiijah Yearby claims that African Americans and especially males are disproportionately denied access to health care. The author develops and supports his thesis by telling the story of one boy who died as well as discussing the rationing policies in the United States, and the racial inequalities in accessing health care and morality. Yearby’s purpose is to examine and expose the corruption in the American Medical system in order to urge individuals to take action against the biased and unfair policies that are being practiced. His intended audience America’s government officials as well as the voting public, and this is understood through the detail in information and sophistication of writing.

Precies for 3rd article for MWP3

In her article “Disparities in the provision of medical care: an outcome in search of an explanation,” author Elizabeth A. Klonoff explores the reasons for the differences in health care among different ethnic groups. The authors develop and support this assertion by providing many statistics and examples of differences in areas such as pain regulation, and cancer treatment. Her purpose is to open the reader’s eyes to the segregation and discrimination among African Americans in health care in order to encourage a change in the systems, and help doctors treat all patients better and equally to improve the quality of life of this minority group. The intended audience is African Americans as well as doctors and lawmakers, and the intended audience is understood based on subject matter. 

Summary of aritcle 3 for MWP3

In her article “Disparities in the provision of medical care: an outcome in search of an explanation,” author Elizabeth A. Klonoff explores the reasons for the differences in health care among different ethnic groups as well as providing many examples that prove the differences in health care. Klonoff reviews pieces of literature and breaks down some of the differences in the treatments of some care problems like cardiovascular disease, pain, surgery and cancer treatment. She provides a plethora of statistics and likeliness of a group to react to a situation. For example the author writes, “Several studies are consistent in finding that African–American patients are less likely to be judged as appropriate for transplantation, are less likely to appear on transplantation waiting lists, and are less likely to undergo transplantation procedures, even after patients’ insurance status and other factors are considered.’’ This fact shows that an African American is denied more health care than a Caucasian person. Their chances of getting the necessary surgery are less likely and hence they are more likely to sufferer the consequences. The author continues her article by describing studies conducted where doctors prescribed different treatments for African Americans and Caucasians with the same ailments. This shows that though a doctor may not admit to discriminating, that discrimination still exists. The article also discusses how if a patient does not feel comfortable and welcomed by the health care provider they are less likely to follow through on treatments and go back for other ailments. One of the final big problems addressed is health insurance. The author claims that though lack of health insurance plays a big role in amount of health care a person gets, there is still levels of segregation. For example the author writes, “Access to inferior health care is obviously a factor in most health disparities. However, in this instance the problem may be more complicated. First, most of the more recent articles have controlled for socioeconomic status, hospital population, or some other measure of health care quality, and have identified healthcare disparities even after controlling for these variables.” This shows that the lack of health insurance may be rooted in discriminatory policies as opposed to amount of money someone can pay for health insurance. This article clearly outlines and details the problems and factors of the problems in the health care regarding discrimination based on race. After reading this one can come to better understand how sever and deep rooted the discrimination is. 

Working Thesis for MWP3

African Americans and especially African American males are discriminated against in health care and do not receive as good health care as other races, and this in turn decreases the quality of life for those individuals. The discrimination can be seen through the many differences in health care among races.           

Summary of two articles

In the article “Barriers to health care and health-seeking behaviors faced by

Black men” authors Cessaly T. Cheatham, Debra J. Barksdale, and Shielda G. Rodgers discuss the barriers that African American males face in health care. They discuss some influences that decrease the health care of these men as socioeconomic status where many cannot afford to pay for healthcare like health care insurance or their jobs do not come with health benefits. Another factor that influences this lack of health care is masculinity where the man does not think he needs that kind of care and that he is strong enough without it. Often African American men do not know how important health care is to the quality of life and therefore do not seek it out for themselves. A study found that many African American males felt discriminated against by medical professionals and that hindered them from seeking care. For example the study found that, “54% of Black and23% of White participants perceived that race/ethnicity was often a barrier to receiving appropriate health care.” (557). If an African American male does not have the support of his family to seek out health care he is less likely to and some may not believe in modern medicine. This article also describes how to improve patient doctor/health care provider relationship. Some ways of improving the relationship is through nonverbal body language such as eye contact and taking time with the patient. Also being more available like providing a personal phone number or putting out public service announcements can improve how the patient feels and increase the likely hood of seeking medical help in the future. The government provides a lot of extra help to other minority groups, but they are not the only ones who face oppressed medical care. For example the authors state this plight when they write, “Most government subsidized programs are tailored toward infants, children, pregnant women, the disabled, and the elderly on the premise that these groups are those most in need of care and the least likely to be able to afford care. However, this list should be reexamined for the possibility of inclusion of Black men.” This minority group is lacking the medical care they need and through public awareness their quality of life can be raised.

In the article “Access to Health and Health Care: How Race and Ethnicity Matter,” authors Lynne D. Richardson and Marlaina Norris explain how race and ethnicity create differences in quality of health care for individuals. They claim that though there are differences in not only health care that affect a person’s quality of health such as health education and income of an individual. Because there are race problems inhibits the education and hence income of African Americans there healthy quality of life is reduced. The authors discuss the factors that contribute to the poor health care minorities such as African Americas receive such as the physical environment they grow up in. “There are data relating the level of segregation to rates of morbidity and mortality; specifically, residential segregation is related to elevated risks of cause-specific and overall adult mortality, infant mortality, and tuberculosis.” This quote shows that certain physical areas where minorities reside are more likely to have poor health care. The article also covers factors such as the social environment and how this plays a role in quality of health care as well as actual health insurance. Studies found that, “The uninsured are more likely to die early and to have poor health status; they are diagnosed at later stages of disease and get less treatment than those with insurance.” All of these probabilities point to the fact that the minorities such as African Americas have poorer quality of life as far as health care is concerned because they cannot afford the benefits that health insurance provides people with. Their mortality rate is overrepresented in many areas and linked to the lack of insurance. This is not only racists but it is unfair and unjust to the African American minority group as a whole.

Second Article for MWP3

In their article, “Access to Health and Health Care: How Race and Ethnicity Matter,” authors Lynne D. Richardson and Marlaina Norris assert that there are many factors that contribute to the differences in health for race and ethnicity. The authors develop and support this assertion by describing the many factors that contribute to the variances such as differences in social resources as well as offer solutions for improvement. Their purpose is to explain and describe why these differences in health care are a problem and what can be done to improve the quality of life for different races and people of minority ethnicities. Their audience is the racial minority groups that are being affected by the differences in health care as well as health care providers and lawmakers, and this can be understood through subject matter.

First precies for MWP3

In their article, “Barriers to health care and health-seeking behaviors faced by

Black men” authors Cessaly T. Cheatham, Debra J. Barksdale, and Shielda G. Rodgers claim that there are certain barriers to health care for African American males. The authors develop and support this claim by breaking down the causes for poor health care such as socioeconomic status, racism and mistrust of the medical establishment, and lack of awareness of the need for care. Their purpose is to describe the health care barriers as well as suggest ways for improvements in the health care in order to inform the readers of this growing and crucial problem and inspire some to take action. Their audience is African American males as well as the general American public concerned with health care issues.

Brainstorming for MWP3: 15 possible topics

1.      Women have a more difficult time getting into advanced medical educational jobs than men.

2.      Native Americans get lower health care benefits than other Americans.

3.      Individuals of Middle Eastern descent have a more difficult time finding work in the health care profession than other nationalities.

4.      Poor people have lower and bad health care if any at all in comparison with affluent people. (quality of life as the larger picture)

5.      African Americans have a more difficult time finding work in the health care profession.

6.      Patients treat workers of (Native American, African American, or Middle Eastern descent) as not as credible and trustworthy as other nationalities.

7.      Medical Professionals do not provide as good of care to (those of Native American, African American, or Middle Eastern descent).

8.      Those of Caucasian nationalities are allowed the better positions in the medical work place and provided with the better job opportunities.

9.      The elderly are not considered to have any ethos nor are respected as much in the eyes of the medical professionals.

10.  African Americans have lower health care benefits than other nationalities do.

11.  Those form affluent backgrounds are more likely to be accepted into the medical community.

12.  Nurses and doctors respect and respond more positively to individuals of affluent Caucasian backgrounds.

13.  Patients who are of Spanish descent are treated with less respect in the medical community.

14.  Individuals of Spanish descent are less likely to get a job in the medical community.

Women doctors and male nurses are treated with less respect than those playing the accepted gender roles.

Outline for MWP2

Introduction: America today is facing one of the deepest economic downturns since the great depression of the nineteen thirties. Many individuals have proposed a plethora of solutions, but many sociologists agree that the best long term solution to this problem is that we as a nation improve education in this country. One way of improving education is to provide students with very high quality teachers. Again, there are many propositions as to how to improve teacher quality, and one of the best ways to do that is to increase the salary of a teacher and hence the prestige of the job. Though high quality teachers are the solution, not individuals who would be good teachers and spend the time and money training for this career are not willing to become teachers because of the low beginning salaries and low salaries in general. Teaches do not have high enough salaries for the work they do which leads to other problems like poor quality teachers, and hence poor education in America’s school system, so the people of America should promote laws and encourage congress to pass bills that would increase teacher salary.

Definitions:

Problem, Solution, Teacher Satisfaction, High Quality Teachers, Teacher Salary, Policies, Prestige, Education in America,

Review of Literature:

1.      “Policies Should Reflect The Importance of Teaching,” author Michelle A. Rhee asserts that policies and practices in America should reflect how important teachers are.

2.      “Teacher Quality: What’s Wrong with U.S. Strategy?” author Marc Tucker claims that America does not have a good strategy for producing high quality teachers.

3.      “Teacher Attrition: A Critical American and International Education Issue,” author Marianne K. Dove claims that poor compensation for teachers is the single biggest cause for poor quality of teachers.

4.      “The Social Position of School Teachers: Expectations and Realities,” author F.G. Ziiatdinova discusses the low prestige of teaching in Russia.

5.      “Why Do They Stay? Elementary Teachers' Perceptions of Job Satisfaction and Retention,” authors Beverly A. Perrachione, Vicki J. Rosser, and George J. Petersen discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic variables that influence a teachers job satisfaction.

Personal Argument:

Clearly state the problem

            Teaches in America do not get paid a high enough salary

Describe why there is this problem

People do not consider the job prestigious, and people are not willing to pay higher taxes in order raise the salaries of teachers ($4 more than Wal-Mart) good hardworking individuals go where the money is (ex: the business school here)  

Describe what can be done to solve this problem

            People could encourage the government to pass bills that would increase teacher salary  

Conclusion: The future of our nation is at stake. We as the people of this great nation are severely lagging behind in the way of education. By increasing the quality of teachers in schools students will be able to obtain a better education, and one of the best and most reasonable ways to get higher performing teachers into the school system is to increase the teachers beginning and overall salary. Teacher a crucial and important members of our society, and only by the America public speaking up and voicing the need to enact policies that will increase the salaries will the problem be solved.

                                                    

Introduction for MWP2

America today is facing one of the deepest economic downturns since the great depression of the nineteen thirties. Many individuals have proposed a plethora of solutions, but many sociologists agree that the best long term solution to this problem is that we as a nation improve education in this country. One way of improving education is to provide students with very high quality teachers. Again, there are many propositions as to how to improve teacher quality, and one of the best ways to do that is to increase the salary of a teacher and hence the prestige of the job. Though high quality teachers are the solution, not individuals who would be good teachers and spend the time and money training for this career are not willing to become teachers because of the low beginning salaries and low salaries in general. Teaches do not have high enough salaries for the work they do which leads to other problems like poor quality teachers, and hence poor education in America’s school system, so the people of America should promote laws and encourage congress to pass bills that would increase teacher salary.

MWP2 700 word rough draft

America today is facing one of the deepest economic downturns since the great depression of the nineteen thirties. Many individuals have proposed a plethora of solutions, but many sociologists agree that the best long term solution to this problem is that we improve education in this country. One way of improving education is to provide students with very high quality teachers. Though high quality teachers are the solution not many well trained individuals are not willing to become teachers because of the low beginning salaries and low salaries in general. Teaches do not have high enough salaries for the work they do which leads to other problems like poor quality teachers, and hence poor education in America’s public school system, so the people of America should promote laws and encourage congress to pass bills that would increase teacher salary.

            The problem will be defined as the low salaries teachers in America receive. The solution will be defined as increasing teacher salaries and doing this through the promotion of policies that promote those increases. In this paper high teacher quality will be defined as a teacher who is well trained and competent in their job, and provide their students with a good education. Teacher salary will be defined as the amount of money a teacher makes in the beginning of their career, and throughout that career. Policies will be defined as laws and bills that will raise the beginning and overall salaries of teachers. Prestige will be defined as respect and admiration and considered level of achievement of quality.

                      Good teaching is crucial to the success of our nation. If children can have a firm base and a good education they will be able to be more productive higher contributors to our society. According to Michelle A. Rhee in her article, “Policies Should Reflect The Importance of Teaching” she describes a study conducted by Harvard that found students go further in life and have a higher quality of life if their teachers were high performing. In his article, “Teacher Quality: What’s Wrong with U.S. Strategy?” author Marc Tucker describes how other nations are achieving greater education standards, what they are doing, and what the US should be doing for education. For example he says, “One key to Singapore’s success in attracting high-achieving high school graduates into teaching, he said, is making sure that compensation is not an issue when these graduates select a career. To do that, the Singapore government sets beginning teachers’ compensation at a level comparable to that of the other leading professions. In Japan, salaries for beginning teachers are about equal to those of beginning engineers.” If American teachers were paid as much as engineers the US would have a great amount of high quality teachers. In the article, “The Social Position of Schoolteachers Expectations and Realities” by F.G. Ziiatdinova the problems with the Russian education system are discussed. America holds a lot of the same values of prestige of the teaching profession that Russia does.

            This problem in education has the power to greatly impact the entire nation. In the short run poor teacher compensation effects teachers directly, and like a pebble that is thrown into a pond and created a ripple effect, student are effected, and eventually our entire nation. It is The cause of the problem is that teaching is not viewed as a prestigious job and the governments is not willing to increases taxes in order to increase teacher salary, nor are the people willing to pay higher taxes for an increase in teacher salary. People today are beginning to see the correlation between importance of teachers, quality of teachers, and prestige of the job in a monetary way. There is a phrase that states it is easier said than done, Americans need to step up to the plate, understand the importance of education, and be willing to pay higher taxes for higher salaries for teachers. As a nation we also need to write letters congress, and make the government pass the laws that will increase the teacher salaries.

            The future of our nation is at stake. We as the people of this great nation are severely lagging behind in the way of education. By increasing the quality of teachers in schools students will be able to obtain a better education, and one of the best and most reasonable ways to get higher performing teachers into the school system is to increase the teachers beginning and overall salary. Teacher a crucial and important members of our society, and only by the America public speaking up and voicing the need to enact policies that will increase the salaries will the problem be solved.        

Next 3 Precies for MWP2

In the article, “Teacher Attrition: A Critical American and International Education Issue,” author Marianne K. Dove claims that poor compensation for teachers is the single biggest cause for poor quality of teachers. She develops and supports this claim by discussing why teachers leave the profession, their salary, the quality of teacher preparation, working conditions and the costs of attrition. She describes the needs for better teacher compensation in order to show the need for quality of teachers in America. The intended audience is the general public and citizens of America.


 In the article, “The Social Position of School Teachers: Expectations and Realities,” author F.G. Ziiatdinova discusses the low prestige of teaching in Russia. The author develops and supports this claim by providing many facts and statistics that show that people do not care for nor respect the work of teachers. The author examines the problems with the poor recognition of teachers in order to show the world that teachers are a vital and crucial part of society, and necessary to its survival for the better education of students. The intended audience is the citizens of Russia, and also the American citizens because America holds their teachers with the same amount of respect.


In the article, “Why Do They Stay? Elementary Teachers' Perceptions of Job Satisfaction and Retention,” authors Beverly A. Perrachione, Vicki J. Rosser, and George J. Petersen discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic variables that influence a teachers job satisfaction. The authors develop and support this claim by revealing the results of a study they conducted on job satisfaction. They explain the strong dislike for the profession in order to inform the reader of the conditions teachers work under, and promote better conditions for the teachers.

MWP2 second article précis

             In the article, “Policies Should Reflect The Importance of Teaching,” author Michelle A. Rhee asserts that policies and practices in America should reflect how important teachers are. The author develops and supports this claim by providing many studies that show how students with good teachers go further in life and explaining the cause and effect of teachers on society. She explains the importance of good policies for teachers like high salaries, in order to promote those policies and get American policies to reflect the importance of American’s teachers. The audience is American voters and law makers in America which can be detected through subject matter.     

Working Thesis for MWP2

         Teaches do not have high enough salaries for the work they do which leads to other problems like poor quality teachers, and hence poor education in America’s public school system, so the people of America should promote laws and encourage congress to pass bills that would increase teacher salary.

MWP2 Summary of the Issue

The problem is that teachers in America do not have a high enough salary for the work that they do and this in turn takes away from the quality of teachers present and hence education available to students. This problem affects a plethora of areas and the entire nation presently and over time and many people, but the individuals that are most affected are teachers and students. Many individuals do realize how vital teaching is to the success of a nation, and how increasing teacher salary would increase quality of teachers. The cause of the problem is that teaching is not viewed as a prestigious job and the governments is not willing to increases taxes in order to increase teacher salary, nor are the people willing to pay higher taxes for an increase in teacher salary. People today are beginning to see the correlation between importance of teachers, quality of teachers, and prestige of the job in a monetary way. Though some action has been taken the process is slow and met with resistance. Sociologists among other individuals are beginning to write articles promoting the need for an increase in teacher salaries. Research studies show that there high teacher salaries were a top factor in distinguishing between top performing schools and low-performing schools. People have not succeeded in helping teachers get higher pay because it would cost a lot of money and the economy is in poor shape right now. Also it is easier for the government to blame the teacher for poor performance in schools and fire the teachers than it is for them to put the monetary work into training high quality teachers and increase the beginning salary of teachers making the job better overall and the education system better overall. In the future is the problem is not solved education in America will continue to decrease and finding any teachers to fill the positions much less high quality teachers to fill the positions will become increasingly difficult. The American economy is already in a downward spiral and students getting an education is the most likely and plausible solution. If the government is unwilling to increase teacher salary that will directly increase teacher quality then America does not have a bright future. Americans should promote government policies that increase teacher salaries because an increase in teacher salaries will lead to an increase in higher quality teachers and better education overall.

Précis for first article

In his article, “Teacher Quality: What’s Wrong with U.S. Strategy?” author Marc Tucker claims that America does not have a good strategy for producing high quality teachers. He develops and supports this claim by breaking down the strategies used to produce good teachers and comparing American strategy to the strategy of other top teacher and student performing countries. His purpose is to inform Americans of the current education problems in order to promote reform and new policies regarding obtaining high quality teachers. The intended audience are politicians in charge of making the education laws as well as the America voters.

"Good Reasons” Chapter 13 Précis

In their textbook, “Good Reasons Researching and Writing Effective Arguments,” chapter thirteen, authors Lester Faigley and Jack Selzer explain how proposal arguments work, how to recognize components of a proposal argument, and the steps in building a proposal argument. Faigely and Selzer develop their lesson by providing bulleted explanations of the components of arguments, an example of how to choose the topic, a chart of the steps to write an argument, and two examples of essays with annotations explaining the argument components. Their purpose is to teach students how to write a proposal argument in order to strengthen the student’s persuasive writing and influence on what someone should or should not do. Their intended audience is students because the content is very explanatory and factual.

8 Précises and citations for MWP1

1.      In their article, “Immigration: The Journey to America The History of Ellis Island,” authors Adam Chao, Dan Spencer, and Rico Suave explain the history of Ellis Island’s early beginnings, the buildings, and how they changed over time. The authors develop and support their claim by describing the history of the island in great detail and in a chronological order. Their purpose is to provide factual information about this immigration station in order to inform the reader of the magnitude of its significance in America’s history. The intended audience is students especially those interested in gaining knowledge about this historical place, and this can be seen through the word choice and factual description. 

Chao Adam, Spencer Dan, Suave Rico. , “Immigration: The Journey to America The History of Ellis Island.” 15 Feb. 2012. Web.  http://library.thinkquest.org/20619/Eihist.html

2.      In her article “Medical Inspection of Immigrants at Ellis Island, 1891-1924,” author Elizabeth Yew describes the medical inspection that the immigrants at Ellis Island had to go through. The author develops and supports her thesis by examining the medical conditions at Ellis Island. Her purpose is to provide a detailed account of the medical history and conditions in order to enlighten the audience of this serious part of American history. The intended audience are those individual conducting research on the medical history of Ellis Island, and this is understood through the factual straightforward manner.

Yew, Elizabeth. “Medical Inspection of Immigrants at Ellis Island, 1891-1924” Department of Medicine Cabrini Medical Center New York, New York. Web. 16, Feb. 2012    

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1805119/

3.      In their article, “Front doors to freedom, portal to the past: history at the Ellis Island Immigration Museum, New York.” Authors Desforges, Luke and Maddern, Joanne discover the importance of museums and the role they play in preservation of the past in a case study of the Ellis Island Museum. The authors develop and support their thesis by exploring the interactions between individual participants and institutions involved in production of the museum. Their purpose is to show the histories and landscapes which result from the interactions in these fields in order to

Desforges, Luke, and Joanne Maddern. "Front Doors To Freedom, Portal To The Past: History At The Ellis Island Immigration Museum, New York." Social & Cultural Geography 5.3 (2004): 437-457. Academic Search Premier. Web. 15 Feb. 2012.

http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=c7338e48-d79d-46a1-9a22-711204a84666%40sessionmgr12&vid=6&hid=15

4.      In her article, “Ellis Island Immigration Museum,” author Diana Pardue discusses the history of the restoration and continued preservation of Ellis Island. The author develops and supports her thesis by providing a factual timeline of events leading up the restoration and continued preservation. Her purpose is to inform the reader of the Ellis Island Museum which is an important part of preserving this national monument in order to show the reader how crucial its preservation is. The intended audience are scholars and historians interested in the museum, and this is understood through the factual and straightforward layout.

Pardue, Diana. "Ellis Island Immigration Museum." Museum International 56.3 (2004): 22-28. Academic Search Premier. Web. 15 Feb. 2012.

http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=c7338e48-d79d-46a1-9a22-711204a84666%40sessionmgr12&vid=4&hid=15

5.      In the article, “Spectres of migration and the ghosts of Ellis Island,” author Maddern, Jo Frances confers the different meanings of ghosts associated with Ellis Island. The author develops and supports her thesis through the in-depth interviews with the producers of the restoration of Ellis Island Immigration Station. Her purpose to discuss the spectropolitics  associated with its turbulent past in order to help the reader unravel the trying economics and politics of Ellis Island. Her audience is historians interested in the meaning of ghosts associated with Ellis Island.

Maddern, Jo Frances. "Spectres Of Migration And The Ghosts Of Ellis Island." Cultural Geographies 15.3 (2008): 359-381. Academic Search Premier. Web. 16 Feb. 2012.

http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.colostate-pueblo.edu/ehost/detail?vid=3&hid=17&sid=a785a9ab-1162-4e5a-9de5-ffa236ff0de1%40sessionmgr14&bdata=JmxvZ2luLmFzcCZzaXRlPWVob3N0LWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph&AN=32816632

6.      In the book, “Forgotten Ellis Island The Extraordinary Story if America’s Immigrant Hospital,” author Lorie Conway declares the struggle between continuing the flow of immigrants into the nation and the control of disease. She develops and supports her thesis by including a lot of pictures and quotes from the immigrant hospital. Her purpose is to describe medical conditions in order to open the readers eyes of the struggles of both the immigrants and medical providers at Ellis Island. Her intended audience is a historian or young scholar, and this can be detected through the many quotes and pictures provided.

Conway, Lorie. “Forgotten Ellis Island The Extraordinary Story of America’s Immigrant Hospital.” Copyright 2007. Print.

7.      In his e-book, “Whiteness How America’s Immigrants became White the Strange Journey from Ellis Island to the Suburbs,” author David R. Roediger breaks down the popular culture, politics, prejudices, and the housing of the immigrants. He develops and supports his thesis by breaking down and explaining the causes and effects of immigration in America and all the areas in life it touched. His purpose is show the struggle of the immigrants to incorporate themselves into the American culture in order to inform the reader of this important and large part of America’s past. The intended audience is are historians and scholars interested in the roles immigrants had in shaping America.    

Roediger, R. David. “Whiteness How America’s Immigrants became White the Strange Journey from Ellis Island to the Suburbs.” Copyright 2005. Web.    

http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=a8i2y8jUDQQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=Ellis+Island+facts&ots=h2VpGsz9gJ&sig=SOezTq9FgU35aSC8rg4C4w5nWOY#v=onepage&q&f=false

  

8.      In the e-book, “Ellis Island Interviews Immigrants Tell Their Stories in Their Own Words,” author Peter Morton Coan relays the individual stories of some of the many immigrants who passed through Ellis Island. He develops and supports his thesis by directly relaying the immigrants stories. His purpose is to share the stories of the immigrants in order to help the reader understand the what the immigrants went through to make it to America. His intended audience is historians, scholars, and those interested in the sacrifice immigrants made to provide a better life for their families.

Coan, Morton, Pete. “Ellis Island Interviews Immigrants Tell Their Stories in Their Own Words.” Copyright 1997. Web.

http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=O6MPfrG61SEC&oi=fnd&pg=PP15&dq=Ellis+Island&ots=r5cJUPqcs6&sig=hTA7IjcrtHsemxmL7eTQQeWiNtc#v=onepage&q=Ellis%20Island&f=false

Working thesis for MWP1

Ellis Island was a place of both triumph and tragedy and its preservation today is crucial because so many individuals flourished yet so many were turned away from the land of opportunity, and those individuals who made it helped to shape America.

Précis for article for MWP1

                In their article, “The History of Ellis Island,” authors Adam Chao, Dan Spencer, and Rico Suave explain the history of Ellis Island’s early beginnings, the buildings, and how they changed over time. The authors develop and support their claim by describing the history of the island in great detail and in a chronological order. Their purpose is to provide factual information about this immigration station in order to inform the reader of the magnitude of its significance in America’s history. The intended audience is students especially those interested in gaining knowledge about this historical place, and this can be seen through the word choice and factual description.          

Questions for MWP1

·         What years was Ellis Island Running?

·         How many people did it let through its gate each year and total?

·         What happened to those immigrants once they got to America?

·         Was Ellis Island the only immigrant incorporating system in America?

·         What exactly is Ellis Island?

·         What was the system that Ellis Island used to allow or not allow immigrants in?

·         What purpose does Ellis Island serve today?

·         How were the immigrants treated once they got to America?

·         Why were the immigrants leaving their homes and coming to America?

·         When did Ellis Island open and close for the first and last time?

·         How much control did the government have over Ellis Island?

·         Why is it important that Ellis Island be preserved today?

·         How much did it cost for an immigrant to travel to America?

Chapter 4 and 7 Precises

                In their textbook, “Good Reasons Researching and Writing Effective Arguments,” chapter four, authors Lester Faigley and Jack Selzer convey how to properly draft and revise an argument.  Faigely and Selzer develop their teachings by expressing the next step of writing a working thesis, focusing the thesis so it is not too broad or narrow, considering the reader and his/her attitudes, organizing the argument through formal or working outlines, composing an engaging title, introduction, and conclusion, evaluating the draft by asking questions, responding to other writers, and finally editing and proofreading carefully. Their purpose is to teach students how to begin a draft and revise it in order for the student to have a stronger paper. Their intended audience is students because the content is very explanatory and factual.

            In their textbook, “Good Reasons Researching and Writing Effective Arguments,” chapter seven, authors Lester Faigley and Jack Selzer inform the reader about putting good reasons into action. Faigely and Selzer develop their instruction by explaining a hypothetical situation where there would be a good purpose for an argument, listing the methods for conveying your point such as telling a story, and researching others perspectives on the topic. Their purpose is to teach students some methods that are effective tools in convincing an audience of an argument in order to help the writer create a better argument. Their intended audience are students who are learning to write an argument, because the content is direct and informative.   

Précis and connection of 3 pieces

                 In his article, “Rethinking the Berne-Plus Framework: From Conflicts of Law to Copyright Reform,” author Paul Edward Geller argues that the Berne-Plus Framework should be remodeled. The author develops and supports his thesis by explaining why this international framework for copyright does not work through hypothetical situations and detailed descriptions of the problems in choice-of-law roulette. His purpose is to inform individuals of the problems with this global context of copyright laws in order to persuade the individuals to move toward a more coherent core-right method that is technology neutral and self-limiting. The intended audience is educated law reformers and specifically those dealing with copyright issues, and the audience is known because of the sophisticated language and in-depth content.           

Throughout the past few days I studied three different sources all concerning plagiarism, copyright laws, sampling and other forms of the taking of another individual’s work and incorporating it into ones own. In all three cases questions are posed regarding if it is necessary to give credit to an original source, and if so how much credit. I agree with all of the sources that it is only right to give credit to the original creator of a piece of work. In the audio recording I disagreed with one of the speakers when he suggested paying the original musical artists for a sample of their work but I think it is important to at least recognize that the consumer did borrow a piece of the original creators work. In the article about the lines of plagiarism are blurring for students because the World Wide Web seems to offer so much information without anyone claiming it. The final article I read dealt with the complexity of international and global copyright laws. The author purposed that the world move away from choice-of-law where an individual may lose their rights outside of a specific country and move towards core-right theory of copyrighting. The major theme that all three of the sources have in common is that plagiarism or the copying of someone else’s work without their permission or giving them credit is a serious and grave problem. Where the line is drawn and how far giving credit to a source does one need to go is a strongly debated issue. I believe that in every case we as college students, now knowing the seriousness of the situation, have a profound responsibility to give due credit to those who are the authors and original creators of a piece of work.  

Response to audio and article on Plagiarism

                            Plagiarism is defined as the practice of taking someone else’s work and passing it off as your own. Plagiarizing is a grave act can lead to a plethora of problems and arguments. The audio program “Digital Music Sampling” and the article, “Plagiarism Lines Blur for Students in a Digital Age” discuss this serious and growing problem. In the audio program the DJ’s discuss whether or not sampling is illegal, if the consumer should give credit to the producer, and if so how much credit. Some of the DJ’s though it was necessary to go as far as paying the original creators while others thought sampling without citation was perfectly legal because they made something completely different out of the borrowed snippet of music. I believe that it is necessary and proper to give credit to the producers of the original piece because time, effort was put forth to create something original. I do not think it is necessary to pay the original artist though because the snippet that was borrowed from them was transformed into a completely different piece of art. I think that the happy medium is crediting the original artist, but not going as far as paying that artist. In the article author Trip Gabriel discusses how the internet is blurring student’s concept of intellectual property. Information is just a button away, and often all of this information seems to be without an author. According to Ms. Wilensky, one of the individuals quoted in this article, “The main reason it [plagiarism] occurs, is because students leave high school unprepared for the intellectual rigors of college writing.” So between the fact that the information is so easily available seemingly without authors, and students are unprepared to analyze articles, they have become prone to plagiarism. I do agree with the fact that plagiarism is becoming more rampant and think that students need to learn how to properly credit and use sources of information. I believe it is perfectly fine to use other peoples work in your own as long as you make it your own, don’t plagiarize, and as long as the original source is given proper credit.